United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

A state in western Europe, usually known simply as the United Kingdom, the UK.

Geography
The UK is situated just off the northwestern coast of continental Europe, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean. Also under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom, though not part of the United Kingdom itself, are the Crown dependencies of the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man and a number of overseas territories.

History
Scotland and England had existed as separate entities since the 10th century. Wales, under English control since the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284, became part of the Kingdom of England by the Act of Union 1536. With the Act of Union 1707 the separate kingdoms of England and Scotland, having shared the same King since 1603, agreed to a permanent union as the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Act of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, 26 of the counties of Ireland including three Ulster counties were formed into the Irish Free State. The other six Ulster counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland. The state then became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom was the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century and founded a global empire, which at its height stretched over one quarter of the earth's surface. During the first half of the 20th century the UK's power and economy were depleted in two World Wars. The Empire was dismantled with the nations becoming independent and forming The British Commonwealth of Nations. The UK rebuilt itself into a modern and prosperous European nation and is the fourth largest economy in the World. A member of the European Union, it has not chosen to adopt the euro. Constitutional reform is a current issue in the UK. The House of Lords has been subjected to ongoing reforms and National assemblies with varying degrees of power were created in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland in 1999. Further assemblies for the English regions are also under consideration. According to recent opinion polls, the Monarchy remains generally popular, in spite of recent controversies, with 75% to 85% of the population in support of the Monarchy.

The British Isles
Is a geographical name of an archipelago of islands including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Isle of Wight, Orkney, the Hebrides, Shetland Isles, Channel Islands and others.

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